Review for Law of Superposition Fossils and Fossil Record

Review Quiz

1. Plate tectonics formed the Atlantic Ocean over the grade of 180 million years. How does this span of fourth dimension compare with the unabridged bridge of geologic time on Earth?

   a. It is near four/100ths of the bridge of geologic time on World.
   b. It is about 30,000 times the span of geologic fourth dimension on World.
   c. It is about i millionth of the span of geologic time on Earth.
   d. It is impossible to compare to the unabridged span of geologic time on Earth because geologic time is space.
   

2. Which factor is a challenge to geologists in establishing the boundaries of the geologic time calibration?

   a. Some radiometric dating techniques are becoming more precise.
   b. Most rocks do not contain minerals that tin be dated using radiometric dating.
   c. The rates at which past geologic events take occurred has varied through Earth'due south history.
   d. The exponential decay of radioactive atoms ways scientists are running out of fourth dimension to obtain radiometric data.
   

3. Which do geologists primarily utilize to make up one's mind the absolute ages of boundaries on the geologic fourth dimension scale?

   a. Correlation methods
   b. Cantankerous-cut methods
   c. Law of superposition
   d. Radiometric dating
   

4. When using radiometric dating to determine the absolute historic period of a rock, which quantities does a geologist compare in a sample?

   a. The half-lives of various isotopes
   b. The numbers of radioactive isotopes
   c. The concentrations of different minerals
   d. The amounts of daughter and parent isotopes
   

5. A geologist analyzes the corporeality of potassium-twoscore in a rock and determines that 25 percent of the original potassium-40 is even so present. Assuming no potassium-twoscore has been lost to any procedure other than radioactive decay, what is the approximate accented historic period of the rock?

   

   a. 750 million years
   b. 312 million years
   c. 2.v billion years
   d. five billion years
   

6. The half-life of a radioactive isotope in a fossil is defined every bit:

   a. One-half of the absolute age of a fossil
   b. The ratio of the girl isotope to the parent isotope in the fossil
   c. The number of times the isotope undergoes radioactive decay in the fossil
   d. The time it takes for half of the parent isotope to disuse into a daughter isotope in the fossil
   

7. Carbon-12 and carbon-xiv are both found in living organisms. What is the difference between carbon-14 and carbon-12?

   a. Carbon-14 has a greater atomic number.
   b. Carbon-14 has two more than protons in its nucleus.
   c. Carbon-14 has ii more neutrons in its nucleus.
   d. Carbon-14 has two more electrons surrounding its nucleus.
   

8. The boundaries between diverse periods on the geologic fourth dimension calibration are based primarily on:

   a. Fault planes
   b. Radiometric dating
   c. Nonconformities and disconformities
   d. Emergence or extinction of organisms preserved in the fossil record
   

9. What property of alphabetize fossils makes them and then useful for subdividing geologic time?

   a. They are brusque-lived.
   b. They are radioactive.
   c. They are uncommonly old.
   d. They are present in both immature and old layers of rock.
   

10. What features of rock strata would be most useful for a geologist to clarify in order to correlate rock layers in two dissimilar locations?

    a. Fossils
    b. Inclusions
    c. Athwart unconformities
    d. Cross-cutting relationships
    

11. How does the principle of faunal succession allow geologists to correlate rock strata in dissimilar geographic locations?

    a. It states that layers of stone strata at unlike locations can be correlated according to the unique set of fossils they contain.
    b. It states that fossils within rock strata are generally homogeneous, suggesting that rock strata throughout a region should reveal like sets of fossils.
    c. It states that the fossils in rock strata are older than the rock layers, assuasive geologists to link younger and older layers across a region.
    d. It states that the evolution of fossils in one region should correlate with the development of fossils through different rock strata in some other region.
    

12. An igneous stone intrudes into three tilted layers of sedimentary rock. Which set of relative dating methods is most useful to determine the chronological order of formation of the rocks?

    a. Law of superposition, cross-cutting relationships, and police force of original horizontality
    b. Police force of original horizontality, rule of original lateral continuity, and rule of inclusions
    c. Rule of inclusions, law of superposition, and cantankerous-cutting relationships
    d. Police force of original horizontality, rule of inclusions, and law of superposition
    

13. The photograph shows a sedimentary layer overlying metamorphic rocks. How is the boundary between the two formations best described? (Photo Source: Margaret Westward. Carruthers.)

    

    a. A fault aeroplane
    b. A bedding plane
    c. A disconformity
    d. A nonconformity
    

14. A geologist examines a layer of sedimentary rock strata that contains pebbles of granite. From this, the geologist could infer that:

    a. An older layer of granite is beneath the sedimentary stone
    b. An older layer of granite is above the sedimentary rock
    c. A younger layer of granite is below the sedimentary rock
    d. A younger layer of granite is above the sedimentary rock
    

15. Which would by and large Non be involved in determining the relative age of rock strata?

    a. Unconformities
    b. Radioactive decay
    c. Rule of superposition
    d. Cross-cut relationships
    

16. Which shows the correct club, from oldest to youngest, of the relative ages of the formations shown?

    

    a. A, B, C, D
    b. D, B, C, A
    c. A, C, B, D
    d. D, C, B, A
    

17. How does the principle of uniformitarianism differ from earlier views of the geologic processes that accept shaped World?

    a. It claims that the structures on World are gradually becoming more uniform in shape and composition.
    b. It proposes that only gradual, slowly occurring, natural processes can significantly affect the structures on World.
    c. It suggests that the processes currently shaping the Earth are the same processes that shaped Earth throughout its history.
    d. Information technology asserts that the processes shaping Globe have slowed to a more than gradual pace compared with earlier catastrophic events that occurred more than frequently in Earth's past.
    

18. "The present is the key to the past" all-time summarizes which principle in the history of geologic time?

    a. Plutonism
    b. Gradualism
    c. Catastrophism
    d. Uniformitarianism
    

19. The principle of catastrophism is Non supported past which observation?

    a. Sudden floods can cleave wide, deep valleys in a very short fourth dimension.
    b. A volcanic eruption can form a mountain over the course of a few days.
    c. A rock from space tin crash into Earth's surface, forming a giant pigsty.
    d. A continent can drift from one side of the globe to the other over millions of years.
    

20. The absolute age of a rock is the:

    a. Length of time over which the rock formed
    b. Period of geologic time in which the rock formed
    c. Amount of time that has passed since the stone formed
    d. Age of the rock relative to older and younger rocks effectually it
    

21. A geologist determines the chronological order in which layers of stone were deposited in a coulee. How is this different from determining the absolute age of the rocks?

    a. The order of stone layers was not examined.
    b. The exact age in years of each rock layer was non calculated.
    c. The fossils contained in successive rock layers were not compared.
    d. The rock layers could non exist classified in terms of period on the geologic fourth dimension scale.
    

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